End of Slavery: Beginnings of Jim Crow Segregation
13th Amendment (1865)
- Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude will exist in U.S.
- Although it was an end to the concept of slavery, there were no legal protections or definitions of rights for freedmen
- Rise of Black Codes: restriction of liberty of freedmen
- Civil Rights Act of 1866 --> Gave freedmen citizenship and protections
- Johnson's veto and Congressional override = Johnson's limited power as president
- Freedmen's Bureau (1866) was passed my Congress which provided food, clothing, medical care and education to both freed slaves and white refugees
- Race riots
Politics of Reconstruction
- Restoration or Reconstruction?
- Radical Republicans - "South should be treated as conquered territories!"
- Moderate Republicans
- Democrats - pro Restoration
- "Carpet baggers" and "Scalawags" supported Reconstruction (deemed traitors by the South)
- Freedmen
- "Old South" and "New South"
Perspectives of Reconstruction
- 1864 Lincoln's View and Plan
- Wade-Davis Bill (1864) - a program proposed for Reconstruction of the South that was written by two Radical Republicans (got vetoed by Lincoln)
- Lincoln's Assassination (1865)
- Radical Republicans: "Reconstruction"
- Military Reconstruction
- Section 1 - You can't deny a person's rights unless you use legal means to do so
- Everyone has citizenship if naturalized
Response and Issues of 14th Amendment
- Share cropping and Tenant Farming
- Denial of voting rights to Freedmen
- Intimidation and Terror (ex. Ku Klux Klan)
- Meanwhile: Impeachment of President --> Tenure of Office Act & Command of the Army Act
15th Amendment
- Section 1 - You can not deny someone from voting due to race, color, or previous servitude
Response and Issues of 15th Amendment
- New methods of disenfranchisement (denial of voting rights)
- Denying South Obstruction
- --> Red shirts, White League, Mississippi Plan
- --> Legislation: Force Acts & Ku Klux Klan Act
- --> South Votes Democratically
- Politics: How to END Reconstruction?
- Panic of 1873 due to paper money no longer being supported by gold
- Compromise of 1877 ends Reconstruction
- --> But South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana still haven't readmitted themselves to Union
- Withdrawal of Federal Troops from South
- Southern Economy
- Cheap Labor
- Crops-Liens/Share cropping
- Convict-Lease - Use of convicts for labor
- lack of Opportunities
Rise of Jim Crowe Segregation - Politics
- Civil Rights Act of 1875
This is an awesome outline of the key details! The Compromise of 1877 was a bit confusing for me to grasp at first, so if anyone else is in the same boat as I was, here is my understanding of it now! Basically, Hayes was running for president and needed South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana's votes to win. In order to get these votes, he made a deal with these states that in exchange for their vote, he would end reconstruction by pulling out the armed forces there. The significance of this is that once he pulled out the troops, the Southern Democrats came right back into power in these southern territories, making the whole idea of reconstruction of the south somewhat ineffective since the same old south ideas and beliefs came right back. In my opinion, the end of reconstruction ended up restoring the south more than it reconstructed it, since the south resisted the northern legislation and always seemed to go back to its old ways (minus slavery).
ReplyDeleteThis is a great ouline! Especially if you want to review the key topics and because you only stated minimal details it lets the reader fill in the rest to review and test yourself at the same time! Thanks!
ReplyDeleteAlthough this is after the test and DBQ, I have to say that this was a great post. It definitely would have helped me on the DBQ had I saw this earlier as Carmen mentioned that it would "test yourself at the same time".
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